Development of China's smart mines and underground spatiotemporal perception detection technology

The development of smart coal mining in China has gone through the process of "from single machine to group", "from on site operation to remote centralized control", and "from process automation to perception decision adaptation". Currently, 1922 smart coal mining faces and 2154 smart excavation faces have been built. With the development and application of basic technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, big data, and 5G, further breakthroughs have been made in the theoretical research of digital coal mines and smart mining. A digital coal mine intelligent logic model based on intelligent perception is constructed; an intelligent control method for mining systems under the framework of intelligent logic models is proposed; methods for evaluating the health status, predicting lifespan, and making maintenance decisions of mining systems are innovated. The underground spatiotemporal perception and detection technology in coal mines, as well as the mining machine vision measurement and equipment posture control technology, are key technologies in the perception process of smart coal mine development. A theoretical and technical system for dynamic three-dimensional reconstruction and precise real-time positioning of underground spaces is established, targeting the basic problem of visual computability in underground spaces, and solving the core technical difficulties of holographic perception and calculation of global physical space underground, intelligent equipment groups, and operator targets. Technologies that integrate vision for equipment full pose monitoring, edge vision AI monitoring, multi camera panoramic video splicing, dual spectral thermal infrared imaging, and image enhancement are proposed to achieve functions such as collision prevention warning for fully mechanized mining cutting, straightness monitoring for fully mechanized mining, posture monitoring for protective panels, hydraulic support posture monitoring, intelligent monitoring of tunnel deformation, posture monitoring for tunneling machines, spatial positioning and orientation of tunneling machines, and monitoring of coal face spalling. The relevant technologies have been applied in the Zhangjiamao Coal Mine and Huangling No.1 Coal Mine of Shaanxi Coal Mine, and a cross domain integrated intelligent comprehensive control platform has been built for the coal mine. A comprehensive spatiotemporal information perception and real-time interconnection mechanism have been constructed, bridging the business data barriers of multiple systems, levels, and departments. Normalized production has been realized with one person patrolling the working face, the shearer independently planning and cutting, and two people on the surface for remote auxiliary control.