Expanding the upcycling paradigm: a case study in the creative use of waste streams and waste plastic in interlocking blocks

This paper contributes to the discourse of upcycling. It attempts to apply an understanding of upcycling to large-scale complex mass production processes, by exploring an ongoing case study that is repurposing waste plastics into interlocking building blocks, using ubiquitous manufacturing processes. In so doing, the paper responds to a call for more case studies of real-life industrial practices in material recovery. The paper however does not attempt to argue that the concept of upcycling, in its current form, is a perfect fit for this case study. Instead, it will identify those elements of upcycling culture and practice from which we can learn, and potentially apply to the management of plastic waste. Thus, the paper also contributes to an expanded understanding of upcycling, helping to legitimize it within mainstream practice, and move it beyond its current designation as a niche, though worthy, activity.