ANN based surrogate model for key Physico-chemical effects of cavitation

Intense and localised physico-chemical effects realised by cavitation such as generation of hydroxyl radicals,  high-speed jets, and very high energy dissipation rates are being harnessed for a wide range of applications from  emulsions, crystallisation, reactions to water treatment and waste valorisation. Single cavity models are typically  used to quantitatively estimate such localised effects of cavity collapse. However, these models demand significant computing resources for resolving fast dynamics and therefore are very difficult, if not impossible, to  integrate with CFD based cavitation device or reactor scale models. This severely limits the utility of device/  reactor scale models in simulating key applications of interest. In this work, we present, for the first time,  artificial neural network (ANN) based surrogate models which accurately represent complex physico-chemical  effects of cavity collapse. Recently developed cavity dynamics model was used for generating training data set  encompassing both acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation. Appropriate methodology for training ANN was  developed. A shallow three hidden layer dense ANN was found to be more effective for estimating three main  effects of cavity collapse: jet velocity, •OH generation and localised energy dissipation rate. The performance of  trained ANN was then evaluated by comparing the predictions with the totally unseen data obtained from the  cavity dynamics model. The developed ANN was shown to simulate unseen data very well not just within the  range of training data (interpolation) but also beyond (extrapolation). Algebraic equations representing ANN are  included to facilitate incorporation in device/ reactor scale CFD models. The presented methodology and results  will be useful for developing high-fidelity CFD models of cavitation devices/ reactors based on key physico-chemical effects of cavity collapse.