Experimental study of hygrothermal ageing effects on failure modes of non crimp basalt fibre-reinforced epoxy composite

Turbine blades form the main component for energy generation in renewable energy generation technologies such as wind and tidal energy. Non‐crimp fabric (NCF) based fibre reinforced composite materials, with E‐glass and carbon fibres have been widely used as the main materials for blades. However, sustainable composites using naturally derived fibres such as basalt, are being developed to reduce environmental impact. Basalt fibres require no chemical additives, solvents or hazardous materials for production and are recyclable. However, lit tle information is available in the literature on the moisture ageing effects on failure modes of NCF based basalt fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Ageing is particularly important for applications in coastal wind and tidal turbine installations, which are exposed to high humidity. The current study analyses the effect of moisture ageing on flexural, interlaminar shear and in‐plane shear properties and associated failure modes of NCF based basalt fibre reinforced epoxy composite at different stress levels. The results showed no significant impact on flexural stiffness of the composite, but in‐plane shear stiffness and strength (flexural, interlaminar shear and in‐ plane shear) of the composite demonstrated a significant reduction following moisture absorption. Similar fail ure modes were observed in both dry and wet conditions.