Exploring inductive reasoning, scientifc reasoning and science motivation, and their role in predicting STEM achievement across grade levels

This study aims to investigate the patterns of students’ performance in inductive reasoning, scientifc reasoning and science motivation at diferent grade levels. We also examined the interaction of these variables with parental factors in predicting students’ STEM achievement. A cross-sectional study assessed 726 participants from the 6th, 8th, 10th and 11th grades in 6 secondary schools. The fndings showed that students in the upper grades achieved higher scores on reasoning tests than their counterparts in the lower-grade cohorts, but their motivation toward learning science decreased slightly across the grade cohorts. Although the students performed better on an inductive reasoning test, the developmental patterns were comparable for the results on 2 cognitive tests across grade levels. Generally, we found that inductive reasoning and scientifc reasoning were closely tied and that both had a signifcant efect on STEM achievement, while parents’ education impacted positively on both STEM performance and parental involvement in their children’s schooling. However, parental involvement and science motivation had a minor—and diferent—infuence on students’ STEM achievement in the individual grade cohorts. The implications for enhancing students’ STEM performance are further discussed accordingly.