Green biorefinery systems for the production of climate-smart sustainable  products from grasses, legumes and green crop residues

Grasses, legumes and green plant wastes represent a ubiquitous feedstock for developing a bioeconomy in regions  across Europe. These feedstocks are often an important source of ruminant feed, although much remains unused  or underutilised. In addition to proteins, these materials are rich in fibres, sugars, minerals and other components  that could also be used as inputs for bio-based product development. Green Biorefinery processes and initiatives  are being developed to better capitalise on the potential of these feedstocks to produce sustainable food, feed,  materials and energy in an integrated way. Such systems may support a more sustainable primary production  sector, enable the valorisation of green waste streams, and provide new business models for farmers. This review  presents the current developments in Green Biorefining, focusing on a broad feedstock and product base to  include different models of Green Biorefinery. It demonstrates the potential and wide applicability of Green  Biorefinery systems, the range of bio-based product opportunities and highlights the way forward for their  broader implementation. While the potential for new products is extensive, quality control approval will be  required prior to market entry.