Network models of late life depression symptoms and cognitive impairments across time

Objectives: Prevalence of late life depression symptoms is estimated to be up to 29%. For older adults, depression symptoms can constitute both a risk and outcome for cognitive impairment. Understanding how specific depression symptoms and cognitive impairment domains interact over time in older adults is key for prevention, early identification, and treatment.

Method: Using cross-sectional psychometric network models, this study aimed to explore interactions between late-life depression symptoms and cognitive impairment domains across different time points using data from waves 7–9 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

Results: Across 3544 participants, ≥65years of age, with no diagnosed dementia-related disorders, the depression symptom everything was an effort showed high expected influence across all time points. Across two time points, object naming and verbal fluency also showed high expected influence. Self-reported memory demonstrated high bridge centrality connecting depression symptom and cognitive impairment domains. Network centralities differed significantly across time points.

Conclusion: For older adults, fatigue appears a key depression symptom. Cognitive impairment domains become more influential over time, and perceived memory loss links cognitive impairment to depression symptoms. Practical implications are discussed in relation to targeting depression symptoms and cognitive impairment domains.