An investigation of the effects of noise exposure and history of otitis media on hearing thresholds in a student population

Background: People’s devotion to music and the proliferation of personal listening devices (PLDs) has become a cultural phenomenon, yielding concerns from researchers and media that noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is increasing substantially in the 21st century. Research has indicated that young adults, more than ever, are engaging in risky listening behaviors. There is a lack of audiological evidence in regards to NIHL and studies do not include history of otitis media (OM) in their research. Purpose: To identify whether there is a correlation between NIHL and preferred listening levels on PLDs, to determine the percentage of those engaged in risky listening habits, and to identify if a positive history of OM is linked to increased hearing thresholds in young adults. Method: 52 participants, aged 21-34 years, completed a questionnaire specifying medical history and hearing habits. Audiological assessments including pure tone audiometry and gap detection were incorporated. Participants PLD listening levels were measured. Results: 4-8% of participants were found to engage in potentially risky listening behavior using PLDs for 4-6 hours per day at 60% volume. 6% of participants presented with moderate NIHL, while 23% fell above the 25dB threshold, indicating mild NIHL. There was no significant relationship found between listening habits or history of OM and NIHL/hearing thresholds. Conclusion: According to the findings in this study; the majority of users in this population are not at risk for NIHL and only a few engage in risky listening behaviors. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between OM in childhood and hearing levels in adulthood.