Investigating the impact of neurologic music therapy on the spatiotemporal gait parameters and mood for adults and children who have an acquired brain injury

Despite the body of research that demonstrates the effects of Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) sensorimotor techniques for adults with neurological conditions, little is known about their impact on both adults and children living with an acquired brain injury (ABI). Furthermore, little attention is given to mood related sequalae in NMT research. The aim of this study is to assess the benefit of a combination of sensorimotor techniques to improve selected spatiotemporal gait parameters and mood of participants. The hypothesis is that it is possible to support both gait and mood for adults and children who had an acquired brain injury through NMT techniques and personally preferred music. Twelve participants in a rehabilitation hospital were recruited and assigned to a group within a multiple-baseline single case design. The three techniques, rhythmic auditory stimulation, patterned sensory enhancement and therapeutic instrumental music performance were used in each session. Weekly timed 10m walk tests and mood scales were completed by participants. Participants’ perceptions were recorded in a survey post treatment, and video analysis was conducted by clinical specialists in ABI. Results from the quantitative aspect demonstrate significant increases in velocity and stride length. Effect size suggests a large reduction in anxiety. Findings from thematic analysis of participant feedback and video analysis reveal that music therapy may improve mood while enhancing gait speed and quality and may also increase motivation and engagement levels. Furthermore, findings highlight the unique goal areas that can be supported through NMT, particularly in relation to activities of daily living. Small sample size indicates further research is warranted. However, this study concludes that both gait and mood related goals may be supported through musical choice within NMT sensorimotor techniques.