The OroPress: a pilot study to examine the tool’s properties of measurement and use as a biofeedback tool for isometric tongue tasks.

Background: Swallowing is a trait which can be affected by variables such as tongue strength and endurance/stamina, and by biofeedback (feedback through senses). Such variables have been examined by measuring isometric (pushing against resistance) tongue strength (ITS) and tongue endurance (ITE). The effects of biofeedback on swallowing have been examined but not its effect on isometric tongue pressure (ITP). Aim: To examine the psychometric properties of a new wireless tool, the OroPress, when used to measure (i) ITS and (ii) ITE and (iii) to assess its effectiveness as a biofeedback tool. Method: Thirty five normal healthy adults (17 males, 18 females) across two age groups, 18-38yrs (n=21), >38yrs (n=13), were recruited. ITPs were obtained, with and without biofeedback, using the OroPress. The effect of age and gender on ITP was examined, the correlation between two independent methods of extracting data was inspected, and the effects of biofeedback on ITP were documented. Results: Data are reported on 34 subjects- (16 males, 18 females). Males had significantly higher ITS than females (P<.05) but there was no effect for age. Neither age nor gender affected ITE. Large positive correlations (P<.0005) were found between two independent methods of data extraction, and ITS increased significantly with biofeedback (P<.005) but there was a non-significant effect for ITE. Summary: The OroPress was a valid tool for measuring ITPs. Excellent construct validity was found for data extraction. In use as a biofeedback tool, the OroPress significantly increased ITS but had a non-significant effect on ITE.