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Analysis of 4D-STEM methods for detecting metallic nanoparticles in amorphous ice: A numerical study

Date
2026-02-01
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles play important roles in contrast enhancement and medical therapeutics. Understanding the mechanisms of nanoparticle-cell interactions is critical to the future development and utility of nanoparticles in medicine. Cryo-scanning transmission electron microscopy is suitable for collecting data from beam-sensitive biological systems. Detection of nanoparticles in these biological systems in bright-field cryo-scanning transmission electron microscopy is hindered by the vitrified ice surrounding them. Here, we demonstrate the detection of metallic nanoparticles embedded in slabs of ice with different thicknesses of ice for several electron beam fluxes, using the extended ptychographic iterative engine, non-negative matrix factorisation and virtual dark field imaging algorithms.
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Description
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Micron 201, 103956
Collections
Physics
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Mangan_2025_Analysis.pdf
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Keywords
nanoparticles, Cryo-STEM, 4D-STEM, beam sensitive materials, low dose, ptychography, virtual dark field imaging, non-negative matrix factorisation
ULRR Identifiers
https://hdl.handle.net/10344/31661
 https://doi.org/10.34961/19298
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Funding Information
Sustainable Development Goals
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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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