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Investigating the differential impact of incivility from insider versus outsider sources on teachers’ well-being: can personal resources buffer the impact?
Date
2026-07-09
Abstract
Purpose – Workplace incivility is a social stressor. It comprises multiple actors, consisting of organisational insiders and outsiders. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources Theory, this study aimed to examine how incivility experienced from co-workers (i.e. insider incivility) versus incivility from pupils’ parents (i.e. outsider incivility) differentially relate to burnout; and the potential moderating role of two personal resources (i.e. trait resilience and trait self-efficacy) in the incivility-wellbeing relationship. Design/methodology/approach – Using a lagged design, we collected data from 202 primary, secondary, and special education teachers in Ireland via two surveys, separated by two weeks. Insider incivility, outsider incivility, trait resilience and trait self-efficacy were assessed at Time 1. Burnout was measured at Time 2. Findings – Hierarchical regression indicated that both incivility sources at Time 1 (Insider Incivility: ß 5 0.24, p < 0.001; Outsider Incivility: ß 5 0.21, p 5 0.001) predicted burnout at Time 2, and self-efficacy and resilience did not buffer the relationship. Although we found a significant interaction between insider incivility and resilience in predicting burnout (ß 5 0.21, p 5 0.015), results indicated that the positive relationship was stronger at high compared to low levels of resilience, which was contradictory to our expectations. Originality/value – The findings extend the existing body of literature on workplace incivility by specifically evaluating the varying effects of incivility sources on well-being within the education sector. It also underlines management’s critical role in promoting a respectful workplace.
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Description
Publisher
Emerald insight
Citation
International Journal of Workplace Health Management pp. 1-20
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Funding Information
Sustainable Development Goals
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License
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International