Date
2018
Abstract
Since theworld economy has been confronted with an increasing risk of supply shortages of critical rawmaterials (CRMs), there has been a major interest in identifying alternative secondary sources of CRMs. Bauxite residues from alumina production are available at a multi-million tonnes scale worldwide. So far, attempts have been made to find alternative re-use applications for bauxite residues, for instance in cement / pig iron production.However, bauxite residues also constitute an untapped secondary source of CRMs. Depending on their geological origin and processing protocol, bauxite residues can contain considerable amounts of valuable elements. The obvious primary consideration for CRM recovery from such residues is the economic value of the materials contained. However, there are further benefits from re-use of bauxite residues in general, and from CRM recovery in particular. These go beyond monetary values (e.g. reduced investment / operational costs resulting from savings in disposal). For instance, benefits for the environment and health can be achieved by abatement of tailing storage as well as by reduction of emissions from conventional primary mining. Whereas certain tools (e.g. life-cycle analysis) can be used to quantify the latter, other benefits (in particular sustained social and technological development) are harder to quantify. This review evaluates strategies of bauxite residue re-use / recycling and identifies associated benefits beyond elemental recovery. Furthermore, methodologies to translate risks and benefits into quantifiable data are discussed. Ultimately, such quantitative data are aprerequisite for facilitatingdecision-makingregardingbauxite residue re-use / recycling anda stepping stone towards developing a zero-waste alumina production process.
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Description
peer-reviewed
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Citation
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology; 93 (9), pp. 2498-2510
Collections
Biological Sciences
Bernal Institute
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Ujaczki_2018_reusing.pdf
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Keywords
hydrometallurgy, life-cycle assessment (LCA), metals, recovery, sustainable processing, waste treatment and waste minimization
ULRR Identifiers
https://hdl.handle.net/10344/6949
 https://doi.org/10.34961/4715
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Funding Information
European Research Council (ERC), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation
Sustainable Development Goals
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