Extended reality, augmented users, and design implications for virtual learning environments

Recently, new technologies have been developed that allow physical and virtual space to converge. We reviewed a range of innovative technologies that enable immersive and 3D interaction, which we believe are of particular interest to apply Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles in teaching and learning practices, with a particular interest in higher education. We found limitations related to hardware and interactive systems that cannot be customised to meet the needs of all different students and some users may be marginalised. We draw attention to problems that lead to the risk of intentional exclusion while highlighting relevant inclusion opportunities. The main contribution of this paper is to present a selection of use cases to discuss how software applications can be designed to meet the guidelines for UDL, and improve the accessibility of 3D interaction for innovative Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs).