Recommendations for statistical analysis involving null hypothesis significance testing

The peer review process of original research articles generally requires authors/researchers to adopt accepted scientific methods, identify testable hypotheses and test those hypotheses using appropriate and established statistical methods. In Sports Biomechanics, authors are encouraged to submit original research articles that conform to these norms. Despite widespread use, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) has received criticism on various counts, especially when there is a reliance on p-values alone (as defined below) for NHST. The p-value combines sample size, variance and differences in values within the calculation but its meaning is somewhat subtle and difficult to communicate in non-technical language, leading to over-simplification, distortions of its meaning and misinterpretation.