Risk in Irish society: moving to a crime control model of justice

David Garland, in his book, The Culture of Control, has recently set out the following indices of change which he believes are evident in the criminal justice systems of many western countries. They are as follows: • the Decline of the rehabilitative ideal • the re-emergence of punitive sanctions and expressive justice • changes in the emotional tone • the return of the victim • the public must be protected • the politicization of law and order • the reinvention of the prison • the transformation in criminological thought • the Expanding Infrastructure of crime prevention • the commercialization of control • new management styles • a perpetual sense of crisis